矩形顶管施工地下管线破坏机理分析与控制

由于顶管施工不可避免地对周围土体产生扰动,引起地层移动,从而威胁邻近地下管线的安全.文中以某地铁站出口市政过街通道矩形顶管施工为背景,通过分析矩形顶管施工时土体与地下管线的相互作用,探讨管线应力和位移的分布情况,对其破坏机理进行了总结,并阐述了相应的控制措施.     

软土地区排桩式支护基坑事故分析及质量控 制简

随着城市建设的迅猛发展,限于土地资源,对地下空间的开发利用程度越来越高.地下商场、地下停车、地铁车站、高层建筑深基坑成为城市建设重大风险源之一.本文通过2起基坑事故分析,提出排桩式基坑支护质量控制要点和对策.     

弱膨胀土天然地基基础施工关键技术

某校区项目施工中采取多项措施控制弱膨胀土回填土含水率,达到控制最低膨胀率的目的,同时通过设置合理的柔性基础垫层,可控制膨胀土回填对建筑物的危害,从而解决了膨胀土不能作为回填土的问题,为全国超过10万km2以上的膨胀土地区地基基础施工带来了可借鉴的成功实例。     

浅谈大吨位堆载静载荷沉降变形检测的一点体 会简

上海软土地区采用堆载平台反力装置对大吨位灌注桩进行静载荷检测,在无法完全满足相关规范中关于试桩中心、基准桩中心、压重平台支墩边三者的距离要求时,对基桩沉降量的测读方法进行探索和比对,为更好地控制灌注桩静载荷测试质量,提出笔者自己的见解.     

The environmental perception and behavioural approach in planning

A brief review of criticism in certain areas of planning seems to indicate the need for the adoption of an environmental perception and behaviour approach. The conceptual basis of this approach is established leading to the development of a paradigm of the man‐environment relationship based on perception, which in turn provides the central feature of a model of human spatial decision‐making behaviour. Mental images of the environment are postulated as forming the core determinants or influences of human spatial behaviour. Results of empirical studies using this approach can outline the significant factors in human decisions and views concerning the environment. The value of the approach is that it emphasises the relativity of mental images in all stages of the planning process and that it links planning decision‐making to a more realistic paradigm of man‐environment relationships. Some examples of the application of this approach to specific areas of planning are given.     

Non-axisymmetric Biot consolidation analysis of multi-layered saturated poroelastic materials with anisotropic permeability

To start with, an analytical layer-element (i.e., a symmetric stiffness matrix), which describes the relationship between the generalized displacements and the stress levels of a layer subjected to non-axisymmetric loading, is exactly derived in the transformed domain by the application of a Laplace–Hankel transform with respect to variables t and r, a Fourier expansion with respect to variable θ, and a Laplace transform and its inversion with respect to variable z, based on the governing equations of Biot’s consolidation of multi-layered saturated poroelastic materials with anisotropic permeability. The analytical layer-element experiences considerable improvement in computation efficiency and stability, since it only contains negative exponential functions in its elements. In addition, a global stiffness matrix for multi-layered saturated poroelastic media is obtained by assembling the interrelated layer-elements based on the continuity conditions between adjacent layers. By introducing the boundary conditions and solving the global stiffness matrix, the solutions in the Laplace–Hankel transformed domain are obtained, and the final solutions can be recovered by a numerical inversion of the Laplace–Hankel transform. Finally, numerical examples are presented to verify the theory and to study the effect of the property of anisotropic permeability on vertical displacements and excess pore pressure. The calculation results show that the property of anisotropic permeability has a great influence on the process of consolidation.     

Copper accumulation in soils from two different‐aged apricot orchards in Central Otago,New Zealand

In recent years there has been a move in New Zealand to convert small, uneconomic orchards to other agricultural uses. Overseas research has demonstrated that copper from fungicide sprays often accumulates in the soils of orchards and can cause certain problems for plant growth and livestock. To date, no assessments appear to have been made of the degree of copper accumulation in such older orchards in New Zealand. This study presents the results of an assessment of two well‐established apricot orchards in the Central Otago region of South Island, New Zealand.

Two aspects of the results are surprising. The first is the relatively low levels of copper in the soil when compared with results from another orchard in the region. That orchard is 18 years old and mean soil copper has already reached 100.0 μg/g, indicating a much faster rate of accumulation than in the two orchards in the current study. The second unexpected result is that the younger orchard has a significantly higher level of copper than the older orchard. Reasons for these findings are discussed in relation to apparent differences in soil properties.     

Lignosulfonates: effects on plant growth and survival and migration through the soil profile

The effects of Lignosite^#rm lignosulfonate, a refined lignosulfonate product that is obtained from the sulfite pulping process, on growth and survival of plants were investigated. Following applications of 0, 7500, 15,000 and 22,500 cm³#shm² to 32 plots within a forest plantation, the following were monitored: (1) live aboveground biomass of vascular plants, (2) growth of Douglar fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and (3) lignosulfonate migration through the soil profile. Live aboveground biomass of woody vegetation was not affected, and that of herbaceous plants was significantly decreased only at the two greatest application rates. Growth of the Douglas fir trees was not significantly affected. Lignosulfonates disappeared from the soil profile at the same rate regardless of initial concentration. Although it is not practical to use this material as a herbicide in western Washington, land application of lignosulfonates may be environmentally more attractive than traditional disposal methods.     

Compression and extension yield of an anisotropically consolidated soil

A series of undrained and drained triaxial tests were conducted to investigate the yielding behavior of anisotropically consolidated reconstituted Shanghai clay under triaxial compression and extension loading conditions. The soil was consolidated with K of 0.5, where K is the ratio of cell pressure to axial pressure. The tests included drained constant η (=q/p′) loading tests and undrained and drained triaxial compression and extension shear tests on anisotropically consolidated specimens. It was found that the anisotropically consolidated Shanghai clay obeys Rendulic’s principle under compression loading, but not under extension loading, and that the yield surface inclined inside the state boundary surface under extension loading. Moreover, the pre-yield behavior and the post-yield behavior were found to be very different under these two loading conditions (compression and extension loading). The test results confirm the validity of the sloping elastic wall theory, and the influence of anisotropic parameter β on the shape of the yield curve in the p′?v plane was also studied in the paper. Constitutive modeling methods for anisotropic consolidated soils were also discussed based on the test results.     

AM常温原位聚合固化盐渍土的力学性能研究

本文探讨了常温下丙烯酰胺单体(AM)、过氧还原体系引发剂(过硫酸铵-过硫酸氢钠)、交联剂(N-N亚甲基双丙烯酰胺)的用量对盐渍土土坯力学性能的影响,得出了丙烯酰胺常温原位聚合的最佳反应条件,从而达到加固改性盐渍土的目的。1在室温下,丙烯酰胺单体用量为盐渍土用量的3%,引发剂用量为丙烯酰胺用量的2%,引发剂体系过硫酸铵-过硫酸氢钠质量比为1∶1,交联剂用量为丙烯酰胺用量的1%,土坯养护28 d后,抗折强度达到5.2 MPa,抗压强度达到16.3 MPa。2和空白土坯试样的力学性能对比,AM常温原位聚合改性后的土坯试样的抗折强度和抗压强度是原来的4~5倍。